Hello, we are hoping to have a question and answer section on the main web page shortly.
Concerning your thoughtful question,
I'm curious what your belief is regarding the death of infants. Do they go to Heaven or Hell?
The Bible does not explicitly say something along the lines of "infants go to Heaven", neither does it say "infants go to Hell", and so we should always be careful in assessing our stance on things the Bible does not explicitly talk about.
With that in mind, there is compelling Biblical evidence and reason that infants go to Heaven. Let us deduce what we know from the Bible:
1. Everyone is born with a sinful nature.
* King David recognised this when he said,
"Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,
And in sin my mother conceived me." (Psalm 51:5)
* The Apostle Paul said that we are of the flesh, sold into bondage to sin (Romans 7:14), and that the flesh is sinful (Romans 8:3)
2. We are all born as children in Adam, the first man. As his offspring we share in Adam's sin. When he sinned God cursed creation and subjected all life to futility (Romans 8:20-25) and we too will die and remain dead forever unless we are resurrected by Jesus Christ (1 Corinthians 15:22; Romans 5:15).
The common questions people ask then may go like this, "What about Children who have not yet had the opportunity to comprehend right and wrong, to sin, and neither to repent from such sin? If they die, will they be judged in the second death, meaning Hell ?"
3. The Bible does seem to describe an age of accountability, as well as a sensible cause and effect relationship between accountability and penalty.
* Isaiah talks about the time of infancy as when one does not "know enough to refuse evil and choose good" (Isaiah 7:16).
* Paul explains the principle that it is once someone has the ability to comprehend this law of what is right that the sinful nature takes advantage and brings about spiritual death,
"I was once alive apart from the Law; but when the commandment came, sin became alive and I died; and this commandment, which was to result in life, proved to result in death for me; for sin, taking an opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it killed me. So then, the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good. Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? May it never be! Rather it was sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin by effecting my death through that which is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful."
(Romans 7:9-13).
4. Jesus makes significant comment about infants,
"And they were bringing even their babies to Him so that He would touch them, but when the disciples saw it, they began rebuking them.
But Jesus called for them, saying, "Permit the children to come to Me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child will not enter it at all."
(Luke 18:15-17)
Much can be said here about the beauty of child-like faith for an adult believer; however we must not overlook also Christ's compassionate care for Children demonstrated here ("permit the children to come to Me"); that Jesus says "the kingdom of God belongs to such as these"; and that the context Jesus finishes with is actually about entering the kingdom.
5. In every other example in the New Testament it is the children of God, those who are in Christ, who are said to be filled with the Holy Spirit, and yet we read in Luke 1:15 that the Bible says of John the Baptist, "he will be filled with the Holy Spirit while yet in his mother's womb". Luke was writing with his focus here on the John the Baptist story rather than specifically trying to tell us if infants are in Christ or not. None the less his comment has strong ramifications.
6. Finally, if we take our understanding from Biblical example, there is no example more directly related to this issue than the death of King David's baby boy in the book of Samuel (2 Samuel 12). David has slept with his close friend's wife, and then out of fear of being caught orders his army to kill his own friend in battle. God sends Nathan the prophet to David and he repents (Psalm 51), but Nathan tells David that his illegitimate child will die. Read what happens,
David therefore inquired of God for the child; and David fasted and went and lay all night on the ground. The elders of his household stood beside him in order to raise him up from the ground, but he was unwilling and would not eat food with them. Then it happened on the seventh day that the child died. And the servants of David were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, "Behold, while the child was still alive, we spoke to him and he did not listen to our voice. How then can we tell him that the child is dead, since he might do himself harm!"
But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; so David said to his servants, "Is the child dead?" And they said, "He is dead."
So David arose from the ground, washed, anointed himself, and changed his clothes; and he came into the house of the LORD and worshiped. Then he came to his own house, and when he requested, they set food before him and he ate.
Then his servants said to him, "What is this thing that you have done? While the child was alive, you fasted and wept; but when the child died, you arose and ate food."
He said, "While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, 'Who knows, the LORD may be gracious to me, that the child may live.' But now he has died; why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me."
(2 Samuel 12:16-23)
David says that when he dies he will go to the child, and the Bible says that David was a man who trusted in God's salvation (eg. Psalm 62:7).
Conclusion
The final example with David, and all the examples above except perhaps the words of Jesus, do not come out so explicitly and say "all infants go to heaven", (and thus we are best not to speak dogmatically about each verse to the extent of going beyond what is written there), nonetheless they are consistent with the whole rationale of scripture, with our own understanding of compassion and justice that comes from our God-given conscience, and with the very wonderful nature of He who died upon a cross to save sinners, the likes of us.
May His grace be with you always.